ABSTRACT
Background: The salivary glands are one of the few tissues in the body that are subjected to diverse and heterogeneous range of tumors and tumor like conditions. The relative infrequency of these tumors makes their diagnosis and management quite complicated. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a useful diagnostic procedure which has a recognized role in the evaluation of salivary gland lesions. A pre-operative diagnosis about nature of lesion, whether benign or malignant, will help in making decision about proper management of patient. Aim and Objective: Aim of this study was to know the epidemiology of salivary gland tumors in our region and to evaluate sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology taking histopathology as the gold standard. Material and Method: It was 3yrs prospective observational study conducted from oct 2015 to oct 2018 in department of pathology KMC/MGM Hospital. Total 59 cases were studied with particular reference to age, sex, site, cytologic details & histological types as per WHO classification. FNAC & histopathological examination was done in all cases came to pathology laboratory . Correlation between cytological & histopathological diagnoses was assessed. Diagnostic accuracy of FNAC was evaluated by comparing cytological & histopathological diagnoses. Results and Discussion : Parotid gland was the most common site of involvement (70% cases). Maximum number of patients was in age range of 41-50 years & male to female ratio was 0.8:1. Most common benign & malignant tumors were pleomorphic adenoma (69.89% cases) & mucoepidermoid carcinoma (8.60% cases) respectively. On cytology, 54 cases while on histopathology 57 cases were diagnosed as neoplastic. Cytological diagnoses correlated with histopathological diagnoses in 94% cases. Sensitivity, specificity & diagnostic accuracy of FNAC were found to be 96.87%, 100% & 96% respectively. Conclusion: FNAC in salivary gland masses is fairly reliable for correct preoperative diagnosis. Multiple sampling and special attention to cytologic features should help to minimize errors
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Colorectal cancer is the major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Incidence in males - 4.3 /1, 00,000, in females - 3.4/1,00,000. The etiology of colorectal cancer is complex, involving interplay of environmental and genetic factors. Colorectal cancers have been reported to show BCL-2 over expression although, in comparison with adenomas, there is lower intensity of expression in the invasive tumors. There may also be a loss of expression with loss of tumor differentiation and it would appear that the role of BCL-2 is probably more important in the early development of colorectal tumors than in later tumor progression. Aim and objectives: To perform and interpret BCL-2 immunostaining on all diagnosed colorectal carcinomas, to infer the rate of positivity and negativity of the BCL-2 expression in the colorectal lesions, to correlate the BCL-2 expression with the grades of the colorectal carcinomas, to indicate the prognostic value of BCL-2 expression in colorectal carcinomas. Materials and methods: A present study was done in MGM Hospital, Warangal for duration of 5 years. A total of 64 cases were studied. All colorectal carcinoma cases are subjected to BCL-2 immunostaining. Results: In present study, the commonest age group were from 60-69 years with majority of the lesions diagnosed as adenocarcinomas. Males contributed to large number of cases (33) and rectum is the most common site in the present study. Majority of cases (40.6%) in this study were well differentiated carcinomas. BCL-2 overexpression was seen in 42(65.6%) cases, majority were colorectal adenocarcinomas. 96.2% of well differentiated, 75% of moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas and 10% of poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas showed overexpression of BCL- Mohd. Anwar Miya, G. Vandana, S. Swarnalatha, S. Sandhya. A study of expression of BCL-2 in colorectal carcinoma with histopathological correlation. IAIM, 2018; 5(10): 21-36. Page 22 2 and 12.5% of mucinous carcinomas showed BCL-2 positivity. There was a significant correlation between grade and BCL-2 expression. Higher scores were seen in well to moderately differentiated carcinoma than poorly differentiated carcinoma. In well differentiated carcinoma, 19 cases showed score 3 and in moderately differentiated carcinoma, 5 cases showed score 3 which contained strong BCL-2 expression. In poorly differentiated carcinoma, majority (9 cases) were score 0 and in mucinous carcinoma as well, 69 majority (7 cases) were score 0 which contains negative BCL-2 expression. In rectal cancers BCL-2 overexpression was more common that colon cancers. Rectum shows 47% positivity and left colon 36%. Thus in present study rectal cancers showed high BCL-2 expression. Males (23 cases) showed higher BCL-2 expression than females (20 cases). Conclusion: There is a significant correlation (P<0.00001) between BCL-2 over expression and grade of colorectal adenocarcinoma, but there is no significant correlation is observed with variables like age, gender, tumor location. BCL-2 over expression serves as good prognostic marker in colorectal adenocarcinomas and it will help to assess the responsiveness of patients to standard treatment.
ABSTRACT
Aim and objectives: To compare the conventional and the Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology (TBSRTC), to correlate the cases with histology wherever available and to determine the sensitivity, specificity and false positive rates of both the methods. Material and methods: A Total of 240 patients who presented with thyroid gland swelling were subjected to thyroid fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and the smears were made followed by H&E staining and reporting was done The convential system used at our centre includes description of microscopic findings of the case along with an impression at the end. The categorization according to the Bethesda system of reporting thyroid cytology were done using criteria published in the atlas and related literature. The cytological diagnosis was correlated with the histological diagnosis wherever it was available. The sensitivity, specificity, false positive rates were calculated considering cytology as screening test for differentiating between neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions. Results: When the results of the conventional system were compared with the Bethesda adapted method was found to be more superior. Sensitivity of Bethesda system was significantly high (100%) as compared to conventional system (77%). Specificity of Bethesda system was also significantly high (82.5%) as compared to conventional system (69%). Conclusion: Our findings were consistent with others who used the Bethesda cytopathology reporting system.